11th English Snap shot words Meaning
Chapter 1 The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse
Alfalfa – a flowering plant
Armenian – official language of Armenia branch
Capricious – inconsistent change of mood
City Dweller – a person who lives in a city
Comical – funny
Consequently – as a result
Dawned – appeared
Daybreak – dawn
Descendant – a system that develops from an earlier simple version
Enormous – huge
Fury – anger
Garoghlanian – an Armenian tribe
Irrigation ditches – manmade channel used to deliver water to homes, industries and other uses
Leap out – jump out from a place
Longings – an aching desire
Magnificence – extremely beautiful
Orchards – a piece of land of the plantation of fruits
Parlour – a sitting space in a house
Pious – religious
Reared – raised
San Joaquin Valley – one of the long interior valleys of California
Snorted – breathed out
Streak – race
Surrey – a country in South-East England
Trot – proceed with something
Vagrant – a person without a settled home or work
Vazire – a name
Vineyard – plantation of grapevines used in winemaking
Chapter 2 The Address
Acquaintance – stranger or social contact
Beckoned – signaled
Chink – narrow opening
Crick – cramp or spasm in muscles
Cumbersome – unmanageable
Enamel – an opaque or semi-transparent substance that is a type of glass
Endured – suffered
Fleetingly – for a short time
Hanukkah – The Feast of Lights, a Hebrew festival in December
Jamb – side post of a window, fireplace or doorway
Jingling – ringing
Liberation – Liberty or Freeing
Lugging – carry a heavy object with great effort
Midst – middle
Muggy – humid
Musty – stale
Pewter plate – plate made of a gray alloy of tin
Pityingly – feeling sorrow
Reprovingly – critically
Vain – hopeless
Chapter 5 Mother’s Day
Aghast- filled with horror or shock
Astounded- shock or greatly surprise
At sixes and sevens- in a state of total confusion and disarray
Barmy- mad; crazy
Beckons- making a gesture with the hand, arm or head to encourage or instruct someone to approach or follow
Bewildered- perplexed and confused; very puzzled
Briskly- in an active, quick or energetic way
Chuckling- laugh quietly or inwardly
Clot- a foolish or clumsy person
Complacently- showing smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself or one’s achievements
Concussion- a violent shock as from a heavy blow
Contempt- the feeling that a person or a thing is worthless or beneath consideration
Cracking- fast
Dubiously- with hesitation or doubt
Eating out of your hand- be submissive
Far-fetched- unlikely and unconvincing; implausible
Fathead- a stupid person
Flustered- agitated or confused
Fluttering- trembling
Glowering- have an angry look on one’s face
Glumly- moody or unsociable attitude
Grimly- bitter, hard manner
Guffaw- a loud and hearty laugh
Hastily- with excessive speed or urgency; speedily
Incisive- intelligently analytical and clear thinking
Indignantly- in a manner indicating anger or annoyance at something perceived as unfair
Laconic- using very few words
Nasty- very bad or unpleasant
Piecan- referring a foolish person
Pompous- affectedly grand, solemn, or self-important
Resent- feel bitterness or indignation at a circumstance, action or person
Rummy- a card game
Settee- long upholstered seat for more than one person, typically with a back and arms
Sinister- giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen
Snooker- a game played with cues on a billiard table in which the players use a cue ball (white) to pocket the other balls (fifteen red and six coloured) in a set order
Solemn- formal and dignified; characterized by deep sincerity
Staggered- astonish or deeply shock
Stout- a kind of strong, dark beer brewed with roasted malt or barley
Sulkily- a disagreeable mood
Thoughtless- (of a person or their behaviour) not showing consideration for the needs of other people
Tiddly- slightly drunk
Ushering- showing or guide someone somewhere
Chapter 6 The Ghat of the Only World
Abiding- a memory lasting a long time; enduring
Accoutrements- other things that were needed for the activity
Anguished- experiencing or expressing severe mental or physical pain or suffering
Assiduous- taking great care that everything is done as well as it can be
At odds- in conflict or at variance
Brimming- be full of a particular quality, feeling, etc
Buckled- bend and give way under pressure or strain
Calcutta- Kolkata
Cavernous- vast; huge; large; spacious
Conceive- form a plan or idea in the mind
Conviviality- the quality of being friendly and lively
Dour- unfriendly
Ecumenical- involving or uniting members of different religions
Envoy- a messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission
Exactitude- the quality of being very accurate and careful
Fanaticism- the quality of being fanatical; extremism
Feigned – simulated or pretended; insincere
Feudal system- Under this system, a peasant or worker received a piece of land in return for serving a lord or king
Fixture- set firmly in place
Foyer- an entrance hall or other open area in a building used by the public
Frosty- freezing; very cold
Gregariousness- fond of the company of others; sociable
Groggier- dazed, weak or unsteady, especially from illness, intoxication, sleep or a blow
Heeng- asafoetida; a staple ingredient used in Indian cooking
Impede- delay or prevent something by obstructing it; hinder
Imperative- giving an authoritative command
Inextricably- in a way that is impossible to separate
Innocuous- not harmful or offensive
Jocularity- said or done as a joke
Lorca- Garcia Lorca is Spain’s most deeply appreciated and highly revered poet and dramatist
Lucid- understandable
Malignant- uncontrollable; dangerousBereavement- loss; deprivation; grief; sorrow
Metrical- relating to or composed in poetic metre
Minaret- a slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer
Mos-lem- Muslim
Mundane- lacking interest or excitement; dull
Mundane- lacking interest or excitement; dull
Nationalist- a person who strongly identifies with their own nation and vigorously supports its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
Poignance- the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness
Preambles- a preliminary or preparatory statement; an introduction
Prefigured- be an early indication or version of (something)
Prefigured- be an early indication or version of something
Prowess- skill or expertise in a particular activity or field
Quizzical- indicating mild or amused puzzlement
Rapture- a feeling of intense pleasure or joy; ecstasy; bliss
Repartee- conversation or speech characterised by quick witty, comments or replies
Sorcerer- a person who claims or is believed to have magical powers; wizard
Subdued- quiet and rather reflective or depressed
Sutures- a stitch or row of stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision
Swoon- be overcome with admiration, adoration or other strong emotion
To speak in a bardic register- A poetic style
Transmute- change in form, nature or substance
Transmute- change in form, nature or substance
Trivial- of little value or importance
Unmitigated- absolute; unqualified
Voyage- a long journey involving travel by sea or in space
Wildean- relating to or characteristic of Oscar Wilde or his works, especially in being witty and epigrammatic
Chapter 7 Birth
Asphyxia- a condition arising when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing unconsciousness or death; suffocation
Awful – very
Bach- used as a term of endearment, often after a personal name
Blind- a screen for a window, especially one on a roller or made of slats
Broodingly- preoccupied with depressing, morbid, or painful memories or thoughts
Burly- (a person) large and strong; heavily built
Cinder- a small piece of partly burnt coal or wood that has stopped giving off flames but still has combustible matter in it
Consternation- a feeling of anxiety or dismay, typically at something unexcited
Convulsive- violent; uncontrollable
Dismal- causing a mood of gloom or depression
Draggled- dirty or wet, typically from being trailed through mud or water
Driller- someone who works at the drilling controls on the rig floor
Ebbing- (of an emotion or quality) gradually decrease
Ether- used as an anaesthetic
Ewer- a large jug with a wide mouth, formerly used for carrying water
Faltered- lose strength or momentum
Flaccid- lifeless
Frantic- conducted in a hurried, excited, and disorganized way
Fret- be constantly or visibly anxious; worry
Giddy- weak
Haggard- looking exhausted and unwell, especially from fatigue, worry, or suffering
Haste- excessive speed or urgency of movement or action; hurry
Hastily- with excessive speed or urgency; hurriedly
Heave- produce a sigh
Hypodermic- relating to the region immediately beneath the skin
Idyllic- like an idyll; extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque
Iridescent- showing luminous colours that seem to change when seen from different angles
Lethargy- lack of energy and enthusiasm
Lolled- hang loosely
Midwife- a person, typically a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth
Morbidly- (with reference to a disturbing or unpleasant interest or activity) in an abnormal and unhealthy manner
Muddled- not arranged in order; untidy
Overwrought- in a state of anxiety; tired
Pallid- (of a person’s face) pale, typically because of poor health
Pallida – suffocation or unconscious condition caused by lack of oxygen and excess of carbon dioxide in the blood, accompanied by paleness of the skin, weak pulse, and loss of reflexes
Pigmy- little (here)
Plunging- falling steeply
Probing- inquiring closely
Queer- strange; odd
Resentful- feeling or expressing bitterness or indignation at having been treated unfairly
Resuscitate- revive someone from the unconsciousness
Rustle- make a soft, muffled crackling sound
Scullery- a small kitchen or room at the back of a house used for washing dishes and other dirty household work
Shrewish- (of a woman) bad-tempered or aggressively assertive
Slashed- slit
Smiled faintly- smiling with less energy or a smile that lacks spirit
Snatch- manage to take (here)
Sodden- saturated with liquid, especially water; soaked through
Sopping- saturated with liquid; wet through
Sordidly- meanly selfish, self-seeking
Stark- complete
Stout- (of a person) rather fat or heavy build
Stumbling- tripping or losing balance while walking; moving with difficulty
Surgery- a place where a doctor, dentist or other medical practitioner treats or advises patients
Tallow- the hard fat of animals melted and used to make soap, candles etc.
Unavailing- achieving little
Unsparingly- generous
Whimpered- say something in a low, feeble voice that expresses fear, pain, or unhappiness
Wince- make a slight involuntary grimace or shrinking movement of the body out of pain or distress
Ye- an old written form of the word ‘the’
Chapter 8 The Tale of Melon City
Against the Crown- questioning the power, integrity and honesty of the state
Amendments- a minor change or addition designed to improve something
Arch- a curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it.
Architect- a person who designs buildings and in many cases also supervises their construction
Counsel- advice, especially that given formally
Customary- according to the customs or usual practices associated with a particular society, place, or set of circumstances
Decree- an official order that has the force of law
Edify- instruct or improve (someone) morally or intellectually
Frown- a facial expression indicating disapproval, displeasure, or concentration, characterized by a furrowing of one’s brows.
Gallows- a structure, typically of two uprights and a crosspiece, for the hanging of criminals
Halt- bring or come to an abrupt stop
Heralds- an official employed to oversee state ceremonial, precedence, and the use of armorial bearings, and (historically) to make proclamations, carry official messages, and oversee tournaments
Just- based on or behaving according to what is morally right and fair
Laissez faire- the policy of leaving things to take their own course, without interfering
Masons- a person skilled in cutting, dressing, and laying stone in buildings
Mused- say to oneself in a thoughtful manner
Noose- a loop with a running knot, tightening as the rope or wire is pulled and used to trap animals or hang people
Ordain- order (something) officially
Placid- calm
Pondered- think about (something) carefully, especially before making a decision or reaching a conclusion
Proclaim- announce officially or publicly
Proclaimed- announce officially or publicly.
Quavering- (of a person’s voice) shake or tremble in speaking, typically through nervousness or emotion
Quivering- trembling or shaking with a slight rapid motion
Rejoice- feel or show great joy or delight
Reverently- with deep and solemn respect
Saw red- became angry
Scaffold- a raised wooden platform used formerly for the public execution of criminals.
Span- Celebrating or commemorating a victory
Spectators- onlookers
Summon- order someone to be present
Thoroughfare- a main road in a town
Triumphally- Celebrating or commemorating a victory
Unruly- disorderly and disruptive and not amenable to discipline or control